UTBMS codes / Timekeeper classifications
UTBMS Timekeeper Classification Codes
51 codes, 5-6 letter codes. Published by the LEDES Oversight Committee (LOC) in 2014 (rev. 2023).
Timekeeper classification codes used in the TIMEKEEPER_CLASSIFICATION field of every LEDES format. Six characters each, apart from ASSOC.
When to use it: Fee lines in any LEDES format. These replaced the old per-format two-letter codes such as PT, AS, and OC.
The full list: 51 codes
| Code | Name | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| ADJSTR | Adjuster | An insurance client-side position responsible for investigating, managing and settling a claim.Used by: client. |
| ADJSMT | Adjustment | Used to designate an adjustment to an invoice when LEDES 98B, LEDES 98BI or LEDES 2000 is used for the submission of ebills. Only to be used if specified by the 3rd party ebilling vendor; many systems do not recognize these codes. Should not be used when LEDES XML Ebilling ver. 2.0 or 2.1 is the submission format.Used by: law firm, eDiscovery vendor, contract/temp provider, other legal vendor. Provides fee support only. |
| ANALST | Analyst | A mid-level position focused on conducting analysis services relevant to a matter, area of law or data. Analyst services associated with eDiscovery should be noted as a Discovery Technician/Analyst (-Junior or -Senior).Used by: client, law firm, other legal vendor. |
| ARBITR | Arbitrator | A unbiased third party designated by parties engaged in a dispute to preside over a hearing at which evidence and testimony is presented, and who renders a decision on the matter with which the parties agree in advance to comply.Used by: other legal vendor. |
| ASSOC | Associate | An associate is a lower-level professionally licensed attorney who does not hold an ownership interest in a law firm.Used by: law firm. Former codes: 98B - AS 2000 - Associate 98BI - AS XML 2.0 - Associate XML 2.1 - Associate. |
| TRANEE | Associate Trainee | An individual who has a law degree and will qualify as an Associate at the completion of his or her required practical experience. Also called Trainee Solicitor or Articling Student. Typically used outside the US.Used by: client, law firm. |
| AUDITR | Auditor | An individual whose job is to carefully check the accuracy of business records, including legal billing records. May be an employee of the client or work under contract to the client; may or may not be an attorney.Used by: client, other legal vendor. |
| CLKSEC | Clerk or Secretary | Lower-level administrative staff within the firm or legal vendor company. Includes, but is not limited to, Assistant, Clerk, Copy Staff, Courier, File Clerk, Scanner, Secretary, Support Staff, etc.Used by: client, law firm, other legal vendor. Former codes: 98B - OT 2000 - Secretary, Clerk 98BI - SE, NP XML 2.0 - Secretary, Clerk XML 2.1 - Secretary, Clerk. |
| CONSLT | Consultant | A person hired to provide professional advice or services for a fee. Not to be confused with a contract/outsourced/temporary resource, who is hired through a temporary or legal process outsourcing company. A Consultant is different than a Retained Expert. who has a specific skill or expertise and provides assistance on a legal matter with the potential to testify in a legal proceeding whereas a Consultant likely will not.Used by: other legal vendor. |
| TEMPAT | Contract Attorney | An attorney-level outsourced timekeeper working on a temporary, contract or consulting basis who is not regular employee of the firm. Contract Attorneys differ from Staff Attorneys in that they are not law firm employees whereas Staff Attorneys are employees of the firm.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, contract/temp provider, other legal vendor. |
| TEMPOS | Contract Other Staff | Any outsourced non-attorney timekeeper working on a temporary, contract or consulting basis who is not regular employee of the firm.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, contract/temp provider, other legal vendor. |
| CSTCNS | Costs Counsel | Specialist lawyer providing services related to costs. In the UK, a Costs Lawyer has a specialized certification and this is recognized as a specialist role.Used by: law firm, other legal vendor. |
| CTRPTR | Court Reporter/Transcriptionist | Any professional responsible for memorializing the oral testimony of a party. Includes: Court Reporter; Deposition Clerk; Transcriptionist. Videographers are classified separatelyUsed by: other legal vendor. |
| DSCATT | Discovery Attorney | Attorney specialist focused solely on discovery with sufficient technical knowledge to advise on electronic discovery strategy and negotiations. It is possible for a law firm attorney to function in multiple capacities on a matter. This classification is specific to timekeepers providing only specialist services associated with discoveryUsed by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| DSCPMG | Discovery Project Manager | An individual responsible for creation, communication and management of discovery project workflow to meet counsel requirements, deadlines and strategy goals. The project manager must have sufficient technical and legal knowledge to coordinate and translate between attorney and analyst teams. Different from Legal Project Manager because scope of work is limited to discovery.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| DSCANJ | Discovery Technician/Analyst - Junior | A junior-level technical specialist with experience and training in discovery technology, procedures and practices for collecting, processing and managing ESI collections. The analyst can carry out defined work flow, conduct quality control to preserve evidence integrity and chain of custody. Different from Forensic Analyst because of the nature of the work performed.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| DSCANS | Discovery Technician/Analyst - Senior | A senior-level technical specialist with the ability to consult with counsel and implement discovery technology, procedures and practices for collecting, processing and managing ESI collections. The senior analyst role includes creation of case specific protocols and communicating technical issues/options to counsel. Sometimes also referred to as a Litigation Support Manager. Different from Forensic Analyst because of the nature of the work performed.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| DOCCDR | Document Coder | An individual trained to use technology to assess ESI and input objective coding fields to populate review database.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| DOCRAT | Document Reviewer - Attorney | Attorney capable of using one or more review software systems to make relevance, privilege and other designations based on a matter protocol and issues.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| DOCRNA | Document Reviewer - Non-Attorney | Non-attorney reviewer or subject matter specialist capable of using one or more review software systems to make relevance, privilege and other designations based on a matter protocol and issues.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| EVDEVL | Evidentiary Developer | A designer or developer specializing in creating animations or graphics used as evidence in a judicial proceeding and supporting the presentation of the material created at trial. Often also called Graphic Designer or Trial PresenterUsed by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| EXPERT | Expert | A professional with special knowledge or proficiency in a particular field relevant to a matter who is external to the law firm and whose retention may result in testimony before a courtUsed by: other legal vendor. |
| FLTFEE | Flat/Fixed Fee | Used to designate a flat or fixed fee billing arrangement between the firm and the client when LEDES 98B, LEDES 98BI or LEDES 2000 is used for the submission of ebills. Only to be used if specified by the 3rd party ebilling vendor; many systems do not recognize these codes. Should not be used when LEDES XML Ebilling ver. 2.0 or 2.1 is the submission format.Used by: law firm, eDiscovery vendor, contract/temp provider, other legal vendor. Provides fee support only. |
| FORANL | Forensic Analyst | A technical position focused on forensic collection, analysis and extraction of ESI from computers, servers and mobile devices. Includes the capability of authenticating ESI as evidence and providing Chain of Custody documentation. Different from Discovery Technician because of the nature of the work performed.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| HLNLPF | High-Level Non-Lawyer Professional | A senior-level non-attorney position within the law firm that may provide testimony in a legal matter. Includes: Accountant; Actuary; CPA; Compliance Professional; Construction Expert; Damages Specialist; Diversity Specialist; Engineer; Forensic Accountant; Government Affairs Specialist; Investigator; IP Specialist; Jury Consultant; Lawyer qualified in a country other than the one where that lawyer's work was performed; Legislative Monitor; Lobbyist; Media Relations Specialist; Medical Doctor; Ph.D.; Political or Grassroots Campaign Advisor; Regulatory Advisor; Scientist; Tax Specialist.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| INVSTG | Investigator/Private Investigator | A professional external to the law firm tasked with investigating facts or individuals related to a matter. For law firm employees that perform investigations use High-Level Non-Lawyer Professional. For client employees that investigate claims, use Adjuster.Used by: other legal vendor. |
| IPSVPV | IP Service Provider | An external resource that provides Patent or Trademark services on behalf of a client or law firm. An IP Service Provider could be 1) non-attorney specialists with strong technical backgrounds who have not attended law school or who are in the process of attending law school, (2) admitted to practice before the jurisdictional patent or trademark courts but not any other jurisdictional courts, or (3) admitted to practice before the patent, trademark and any other jurisdictional court(s). The important distinction is that an IP Service Provider is external to the client or law firm.Used by: other legal vendor. |
| IPAGNT | IP Agent | An internal resource at the client or law firm that provides Patent or Trademark services. IP Agents could be non-attorney specialists with strong technical backgrounds who have not attended law school or who are in the process of attending law school, or who have been admitted to practice before the jurisdictional patent or trademark courts but not any other jurisdictional court. For the purposes of LEDES Timekeeper Classifications, any IP Agent admitted to practice before the patent or trademark court and any other jurisdictional court would be identified as a Partner, Of Counsel, Associate, Staff Attorney, or Staff Counsel/Attorney, as applicable. The important distinction is that an IP Agent is internal to the client or law firm.Used by: client, law firm. |
| LGLAST | Legal Assistant | A mid-level position within a legal organization, used only when the timekeeper has not been licensed or certified by a jurisdictional authority where required. Paralegal should be used if the timekeeper has a certification or license issued by a jurisdictional authority where required.Used by: client, law firm, other legal vendor. Former codes: 98B - LA 2000 - Legal Assistant 98BI - not supported XML 2.0 - Legal Assistant XML 2.1 - Legal Assistant. |
| LGLINT | Legal Intern | Any law student or non-student clerk working at a law firm in an internship, co-op, or summer associate program.Used by: law firm. Former codes: 98B - not supported 2000 - not supported 98BI - SI XML 2.0 - not supported XML 2.1 - not supported. |
| LGPRMG | Legal Project Manager | A project manager who manages a matter or complex transaction for the client. A Legal Project Manager is a non-practicing attorney designation. If services are provided by an practicing attorney, the attorneys classification should be used in lieu of Legal Project Manager.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| LIBRRN | Librarian | A law firm librarian, typically providing research services to the client.Used by: law firm. |
| MEDITR | Mediator | A person, usually a lawyer, retired judge, or non-attorney specialist, who tries to bring people and their disputes to early resolution. After discussing the legal issues in a conference, a mediator makes non-binding recommendations to the parties as to how a dispute could be settled.Used by: other legal vendor. |
| MDRCRV | Medical Records Reviewer (Non-Certified Specialist) | A medical records specialist without a professional medical certification (RN or MD), who reviews and provides analysis of medical records in legal matters but who does not testify at court.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| OFCOUN | Of Counsel | An attorney employed by the law firm who is not an associate or a partner but who is on track to become partner or who was previously a partner and is now retired. Typically Of Counsel timekeepers are: - A status in the firm senior to associate but not yet partner. In this situation counsel receives a salary and may have a measure of compensation based on the profitability of the partnership. - An attorney who has changed careers entirely, i.e., a former judge or government official, or one transitioning from corporate/in-house practice to law firm practice. - A retired partner of the firm who, although not actively practicing law, nonetheless remains associated with the firm and available for occasional consultation. - A lawyer who is, in effect, a probationary partner-to-be, sometimes a lateral hire brought in with the expectation of becoming partner after a relatively short period of time.Used by: law firm. Former codes: OC 98B - OC 2000 - Of Counsel 98BI - OC XML 2.0 - Of Counsel XML 2.1 - Of Counsel. |
| NBOTHR | Other | A status to indicate a system user who does not provide services that are billed to the client.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. Former codes: 98B - OT 2000 - Other 98BI - OT XML 2.0 - Other XML 2.1 - Not Supported. |
| PARALG | Paralegal | A mid-level position within the firm, used only when the timekeeper has a certification or license issued by a jurisdictional authority where required (as in the State of California). Legal Assistant should be used if the timekeeper has not been licensed or certified by a jurisdictional authority where required.Used by: client, law firm, other legal vendor. Former codes: 98B - not supported 2000 - Paralegal 98BI - PL XML 2.0 - Paralegal XML 2.1 - Paralegal. |
| PARTNR | Partner | A partner owns and directs the business of a law firm and may be either an equity or non-equity shareholder. - Equity partners are considered to have ownership stakes in the firm, and share in the profits and losses of the firm. - Non-equity partners are generally paid a fixed salary, and may be granted certain limited voting rights with respect to firm operations.Used by: law firm. Former codes: 98B - PT 2000 - Partner 98BI - PT XML 2.0 - Partner XML 2.1 - Partner. |
| RSRCHR | Research Specialist/Researcher | A person engaged in scholarly or scientific investigation or inquiry. Common within Europe and Asia. Any researcher who is also a law firm librarian should be coded as Librarian. Different from an Investigator who investigates facts or individuals related to a matter.Used by: law firm, other legal vendor. |
| RSPROF | Responsible Professional | An non-insurance client-side position responsible for managing a matter who is not an attorney.Used by: client. |
| SECNDE | Secondee | Attorney (associate, partner or of counsel) of the firm seconded to the clientUsed by: law firm. |
| SPAGNT | Service of Process Agent | Any professional tasked with delivering or receiving legal notices. Not to be confused with an internal or external messenger functionUsed by: other legal vendor. |
| SOLDSG | Solution Designer | A technical position responsible for building portals, apps or custom legal utilitiesUsed by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| STFATT | Staff Attorney | A practicing attorney within the law firm with permanent status having the quality of tenure and lacking an expectation of promotion to full partner status. Often these attorneys are specialists in a specific area of expertise like IP. May include part-time practitioners. As opposed to Contract Attorneys who are employees of an Other Legal Service Provider (Column H of this sheet) or Staff Counsel/Attorneys who is an employee of the client.Used by: law firm. |
| STFCNS | Staff Counsel/Attorney | An internal client resource that is a lawyer As opposed to Contract Attorney, who is an employee of an Other Legal Service Provider (Column H of this sheet), or Staff Counsel/Attorney, who is an employee of the client.Used by: client. |
| TPADMN | Third Party Administrator | Any organization or person who handles or manages claims as a third party representative of the client. Client is often an insurance company.Used by: client, other legal vendor. |
| TRAINR | Trainer/Instructor/Educator | An individual who actively provides training, instruction or educational program servicesUsed by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| TRNDEV | Training/Education Program Developer | An individual who creates training or education programs.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| TRNFAG | Transfer Agent | A trust company, bank or similar financial institution assigned by a corporation to maintain records of investors and account balances and transactions, to cancel and issue certificates, to process investor mailings and to deal with any associated problems (i.e. lost or stolen certificates).Used by: other legal vendor. |
| TRANSL | Translator | A non-attorney specialist who provides language translation services. If services are provided by an attorney, the attorney's classification should be used in lieu of Translator.Used by: client, law firm, eDiscovery vendor, other legal vendor. |
| VIDOGR | Videographer | Any professional responsible for memorializing the video testimony of a party. Court Reporters/Transcriptionists are classified separately.Used by: other legal vendor. |
Search every code set
Not sure which set a line belongs to? The UTBMS code lookup searches all 625 codes and the LEDES 1998B and 98BI fields at once. Type a code or describe the work in plain English.
- UTBMS Litigation Task Codes (L1xx-L5xx)
- UTBMS eDiscovery Codes (L6xx)
- UTBMS Bankruptcy Task Codes (B1xx-B4xx)
- UTBMS Counseling Task Codes (C1xx-C4xx)
- UTBMS Project (Transactional) Task Codes (P1xx-P8xx)
- UTBMS Activity Codes (ABA 1997) (A101-A111)
- UTBMS Activity Codes (LOC 2013 Revision) (A101-A128)
- UTBMS Expense Codes (ABA 1997) (E101-E124)
- UTBMS Expense Codes (LOC 2013 X-Codes) (X101-X999)
- UTBMS Patent Task Codes (PA1xx-PA9xx)
- UTBMS Trademark Task Codes (TR1xx-TR9xx)
- UTBMS IP Expense Codes (E125-E131)
- UTBMS Patent Prosecution Codes (110000-110901)
- UTBMS M&A Task Codes (MA00-MK00)
- UTBMS Governance, Risk & Compliance Codes (G1xx-G8xx)
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Code text belongs to the LEDES Oversight Committee, reproduced here with a link to the source.